Composites of carbon nanotubes cnts in polymeric materials have attracted considerable attention in the research and industrial communities due to their unique optical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Optical properties of polymers and liquid crystals in. The charge transport models to describe the hole and electron transport mechanism are also included in the electrical properties of conjugated polymers. Mechanicalproperties of polymers kamyardavoudi october,20 materialsscienceseminar. Polymer molecules are normally anisotropic in their mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. Crystallization affects optical, mechanical, thermal and chemical.
Whereas only a very small amount of water will normally attach to the surfaces. These chains fold together and form ordered regions called lamellae, which compose larger spheroidal structures named spherulites. Some of these are discussedherewithinthefollowingsections. For example, doping pvdf with metal halides improves the polymer s spectroscopic and physical properties and enhances its optical response 22,23. Properties and applications of polymers in optics and electro. Characteristics of optical polymers in the design of. The manufacture of polymer products is controlled by two often conflicting demands. Such interactions are easily perturbed by external.
The contents of the book have been conveniently divided into two general parts, physical states of polymers and characterization techniques. Approved for public release 4jan16 common trade names acrylic pmma polycarbonate pc polystyrene ps cyclic olefin copolymer coc cyclic olefin polymer cop polyetherimide pei thermoplastic polyimide al6261 al6263 lucite, plexiglass, polycast lexan, merlon. Additive molar functions for sound propagation 442 c. Optical characterization and properties of polymeric. Pdf characterization of optical properties of optical polymers.
Optical properties of functional polymers and nano engineering applications provides a basic introduction to the optical properties of polymers, as well as a systematic overview of the latest developments in their nano engineering applications. Characterization of optical properties of optical polymers article pdf available in optical and quantum electronics 453 march 2012 with 2,249 reads how we measure reads. Optical properties of metals 343 interested in measuring either the reflectiity66the absorption or coefficient and have not determined the optical constants. These amorphous copolymers show high optical nonlinear coefficients after poling under an electric field. Natural polymers these polymers are found in nature generally from plants and animals sources. Some of them are synthetic polymers i, but there are also natural systems as fdtype filamentous bacterial virus and chromosomal dna from b. Optical properties glasses are among the few solids that transmit visible light thin film oxides might, but scattering from grains limit their thickness mica windows at acoma pueblo glasses form the basic elements of virtually all optical systems. Properties of common optical polymers unit acrylic acrylic copolymer polystyrene polyetherimide polycarbonate methylpentene abs cyclic olefin polymer nylon nas san trade name plexiglas uvt styron ultem lexan tpx acrylon zeonex polyamide methyl styrene acrylonitrile refractive index nf 486. Mostof these polymers have been blended with different polymer materials or composites and inorganic materials to enhance the optical properties of polymer systems. This section will discuss about the properties in solution and in solid state, especially about melting temperature t m and glass transition temperature t g. Covering an increasingly important class of materials relevant not only in academic research but also in industry, this comprehensive text.
A twodimensional schematic of an amorphous polymer is shown at the right. Pa66 pa6 pa11 pa12 petp pp pvdf ectfe etfe ptfe pps fep peek property, reagent materialcode. Crystallization of polymers is a process associated with partial alignment of their molecular chains. Optical, mechanical, and electrical properties of polymer. Semisynthetic polymers these polymers are obtained from natural polymers by simple chemical treatment to change the physical properties of natural polymers like starch, silicones. Amorphous regions of a polymer are made up of a randomly. Physical properties of polymers handbook springerlink. In some cases, the optical properties of polyethylene are important from an aesthetic standpoint. These effects have been widely characterized in the literature for what concerns the mechanical or rheological properties. However, to our knowledge, little research exists on how rareearth halides affect the optical properties of pvdf. Nanomaterials have emerged as an area of interest motivated by potential applications of these materials in light emitting diodes, solar cells, polarizers, lightstable colour filters, optical sensors, optical data communication and optical data storage. Polymers can crystallize upon cooling from melting, mechanical stretching or solvent evaporation. Conductivity thermal, electrical most materials which exhibit poor thermal conductivity are also poor electrical conductors.
Bhowmick encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 9 k g e 3k g. Mechanicalpropertiesof polymers harvard university. Threedimensional networks can be hydrophilic andor hygroscopic. Physical properties of plastics material formula density g cm3 flammability limiting oxygen index % optical transmission % radiation resistance refractive index resistance to ultraviolet water absorption % water absorption equilibrium % water absorption over 24 hours. Polymers are produced on an industrial scale primarily, although not exclu sively, for use as structural materials. Optical properties of polymers knoll major reference. Characterization of optical properties of optical polymers. Bhowmick indian institute of technology, kharagpur, india keywords. Discrepancies appeared among the results obtained by various experimenters and it was soon determined that these were the result of differences in the methods used to prepare the samples. In the solid the carbon atoms lie in parallel stacked layers see figure 1. Optical properties of polymers 1986th edition by g.
The radiation scale, of course, includes microwave, infrared, ultraviolet, and visible regions, but the emphasis in this chapter is on. Elsevier applied science publishers, 1986 science 398 pages. Polymers and their properties introduction basic topics. The wideranging optical properties observed in solid state materials can be classified into a small number of general phenomena. They absorb and retain water, which must in most cases be driven of f by heating prior to processing. Since polymers are often used as clear plastics or coatings and have many applications in which transparency is an important property, a knowledge of the optical properties of specific polymers is essential. Lecture notes polymer physics materials science and. In all cases, the optical properties of a polyethylene sample depend on its molecular structure. The third edition of this well known textbook discusses the diverse physical states and associated properties of polymeric materials. One of the main factor that determine its application is by tuning its physical properties.
Polymer chains with branches or irregular pendant groups cannot pack together regularly enough to form crystals. Murat sen hacettepe university department of chemistry, polymer chemistry division, 06532, beytepe, ankara, turkiye. Purchase physical properties and applications of polymer nanocomposites 1st edition. Following processing, the water will be reabsorbed if the surfaces are not treated to inhibit absorption. Feb 26, 2012 polymers and their properties introduction basic topics. Most of the topics deal with post1970 concepts involving the statics of polymeric materials. Optical properties of functional polymers and nano. Polymers that are not highly crosslinked have properties that depend. We have investigated refractometric and dispersive properties of all of the principal polymers, many trademarksand some new developmentmaterials. This paper describes the properties and applications of some recent polymers in the field of electrooptics. However, to our knowledge, little research exists on how rareearth halides affect the optical properties of. Physical properties of polymers the semicrystalline polymer shows both the transitions corresponding to their crystalline and amorphous regions.
Some of the most important physical properties of the more readily available optical polymers are tabulated in table 1. Physical properties of plastics material formula density g cm3 flammability limiting oxygen index % optical transmission % radiation resistance refractive index resistance to ultraviolet water absorption % water absorption equilibrium % water absorption over 24 hours %. Within each layer the c atoms are bonded in hexagonal rings to form a continuous network of primary chemical bonds. Unesco eolss sample chapters materials science and engineering vol. As a consequence of their chain structure, their moduli and their electrical and magnetic susceptibilities are tensor quantities leading to anisotropic behavior when the polymer is oriented. Optical, mechanical, and electrical properties of these materials encompass many fields of technology.
Mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, stress, strain, polymer, plastics, elastomers, rubber contents 1. In the last few years there has been an increasing interest in the possibility of recycling polymeric materials, using physical recycling. Synthesis of an acrylatebased liquid crystal polymer 217 3. A property database 2019 the voluntary product accessibility template vpat is a selfassessment document which discloses how accessible information and communication technology products are in accordance with global standards. The simplest group, namely reflection, propagation and transmission, is illustrated in fig. Polymers are well known for its wide range of application in daily life. Their physical properties are partic ularly important in determining their usefulness, be it as rubber tires, sidings for buildings, or solid rocket fuels. Review on optical and electrical properties of conducting. Properties of polymers, fourth edition incorporates the latest developments in the field while maintaining the core objectives of previous editions.
Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are built from small molecular units that are connected to each other by strong covalent bonds. Since polymers are often used as clear plastics or coatings and have many applications in which transparency is an important property, a knowledge of the. These properties tell a polymer scientist or engineer many of the things he or she needs to know when considering how a polymer can be used how strong is the polymer. However, is it well known that polymers experience a depletion of all the properties upon recycling. The mechanical properties of a polymer involve its behavior under stress. In other cases, the interest is practical, as in being able to see the liquid level inside a bottle. Polymer composites with smart optical properties soft.
Dispersion properties of optical polymers article pdf available in acta physica polonica series a 1164. Properties of common optical polymers syntec optics. Mechanical properties of uniaxially oriented polymers fibers 423 bibliography 435 chapter 14. Principle characteristics of polymers hacettepe universitesi. Polymer physical properties gives students a basic level of knowledge of the terminology and mathematics involved in the physical understanding of polymers. Pdf characterization of optical properties of optical. Properties of optical excitations in polymers sciencedirect. The optical properties of such polymer or chain systems have already been considered in a few papers 35. The number of chapters have increased from 52 to 63 to include novel polymeric structures, specifically rotaxanes and related materials, selfassembly materials, foldamer supramolecular structures, tribology, mechanical. Properties and applications of polymers in optics and. Types of polymers classification of polymers characteristics of polymers properties of polymers streng slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The number of chapters have increased from 52 to 63.
Wavelength dependence of jdndj of poly mers compared with schott glasses. Thus, the semicrystalline polymers have true melting temperatures tm at which the ordered phase turns to disordered phase, whereas the amorphous regions soften over a temperature range known as the. Mechanicalpropertiesof polymers kamyardavoudi october,20 materialsscienceseminar. We describe the properties of polyacrylates copolymer with a pending group with large hyperpolarizability. This handbook offers concise information on the properties of polymeric materials, particularly those most relevant to the areas of physical chemistry and chemical physics. The small molecular units are called monomers mono means one, or single, and they are linked together into long chains called polymers poly means many, or multiple.
The conductivity of graphite which is a form of pure carbon arises directly from its chemical and electronic structure. In the second edition of physical properties of polymers handbook, each chapter has been extensively updated and revised. As aforementioned, the optical properties of polymers strongly depend on the preparation conditions, as shown in table 1. Specifications of optical grade polymers diverse optics inc. Covering an increasingly important class of materials r.
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